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1 κέρας
κέρᾰς, τό, [dialect] Ep. gen. Κέρᾰος, [dialect] Att. [var] contr. κέρως; [dialect] Ep. dat. κέρᾰϊ (elided) or κέραι orAκέρᾳ Il.11.385
, cf. Hdn.Gr.2.75, κέρᾳ also in Th. 2.90, 7.6: nom. pl. κέρᾱ (v. infr.), gen. κεράων, κερῶν, dat. κέρασι, [dialect] Ep. κεράεσσι:—[dialect] Att. Inscrr. have dual [κέρ]ατε IG12.301.109
: pl. κέρατα ib.237.59; later [dialect] Ep. κεράατα ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Nic.Th. 291, κεράατος ([pron. full] ?κέραςX ¯ ?κέραςX?κέραςX) Arat.174, Q.S.6.225:—Hdt.has gen.κέρεος 6.111
, dat.κέρεϊ 9.102
: pl.κέρεα 2.38
, κερέων ib. 132; but Hp. has gen. sg. κέρως, pl. κέρατα, Aër.18. [In nom. and acc. κέρας, ᾰ always: in the obl. cases [pron. full] ᾰ in [dialect] Ep., asκέρᾰσιν Od.3.384
(in [var] contr. dat. κέρᾱ, nom. pl. κέρᾱ (cf. Batr.165), a is shortd. before a vowel, Il.11.385, Od.19.211); but [pron. full] ᾱ in Trag.and Com.,κέρᾱτος Hermipp.43
, , κεράτων [ᾱ] prob. in S.Tr. 519 (lyr.), . In later [dialect] Ep. the quantity varies.] ( κέρας is prob. related to κάρα; cf. κεραός.)I the horn of an animal, in Hom. mostly of oxen, Il.17.521, etc.;ταῦροι.. εἰς κέρας θυμούμενοι E.Ba. 743
; ὀφθαλμοὶ δ' ὡς εἰ κέρα ἕστασαν his eyes stood fixed and stiff like horns, Od.19.211; as a symbol of strength, LXX Ps.17(18).3, Diogenian.7.89, cf. Arist.PA 662a1; of elephants' tusks, Aret.SD2.13, Opp.C.2.494.II horn, as a material,αἱ μὲν γὰρ [πύλαι] κεράεσσι τετεύχαται Od.19.563
; the horn of animals' hoofs, Longus 2.28.1 bow,τόξον ἐνώμα.. πειρώμενος.. μὴ κέρα ἶπες ἔδοιεν Od. 21.395
, cf. Theoc.25.206, Call.Epigr.38, AP6.75 (Paul.Sil.); for Il.11.385 v. infr. v.l.2 of musical instruments, horn for blowing,σημῆναι τῷ κέρατι X.An.2.2.4
, cf. Arist.Aud. 802a17; also, the Phrygian flute, because it was tipped with horn (cf. Poll.4.74),αὐλεῖν τῷ κ. Luc.DDeor.12.1
;καὶ κέρατι μὲν αὐλεῖν Τυρρηνοὶ νομίζουσι Poll.4.76
, cf. Ath.4.184a.3 drinking-horn,ἐκ τοῦ κέρατος αὖ μοι δὸς πιεῖν Hermipp.43
, cf. X.An.7.2.23, OGI214.43 (Didyma, iii B.C.);ἐξ ἀργυρέων κ. πίνειν Pi.Fr. 166
, cf. IG12.280.77; ;ἐκπιόντι χρύσεον κ. S.Fr. 483
; for measuring liquids, Gal.13.435.4 Ἀμαλθείας κ. cornucopiae, v. Ἀμάλθεια.IV βοὸς κ. prob. a horn guard or cover attached to a fishing-line, Il.24.81, cf. Sch.;ἐς πόντον προΐησι βοὸς κέρας Od.12.253
;ψάμμῳ κ. αἰὲν ἐρείδων AP6.230
(Maec.), cf. Aristarch. ap. Apollon.Lex.s.v. κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ, Arist. ap. Plu.2.977a (also expld. as a fishing-line of ox-hair (cf. infr.v.l), ap.Plu.2.976f, cf. Poll.2.31; perh. an artificial bait).3 in pl., horn points with which the writing-reed was tipped, AP6.227 (Crin.).V of objects shaped like horns,1 a mode of dressing the hair,κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ Il.11.385
(unless the meaning be bow), cf. Aristarch. ad loc., Herodorus and Apionap. Eust. ad loc.: hence κέρας is expld. as = θρίξ or κόμη, Apollon.Lex., Hdn.Gr. ap. Eust.l.c., Poll.2.31, Hsch.; cf. iv. l, and v. κεροπλάστης.2 arm or branch of a river,Ὠκεανοῖο κ. Hes. Th. 789
; ;τὸ Μενδήσιον κέρας Th.1.110
;ἐν Ἰνδοῖς ἐν τῷ Κέρατι καλουμένῳ Arist.Mir. 835b5
, cf. Mu. 393b5; τὸ κ. τὸ Βυζαντίων the 'Golden Horn', Str.7.6.2, cf. Plb.4.43.7, Sch.A.R.4.282; Ἑσπέρου K., name of a bay, Hanno Peripl.14, cf. Philostr.VS1.21.2.3 wing of an army, Hdt.9.26, etc.; or fleet, Id.6.8, Th.2.90, etc.; κ. δεξιόν, λαιόν, A.Pers. 399, E.Supp. 704;τὸ εὐώνυμον κ. ἀναπτύσσειν X.An.1.10.9
.b κατὰ κέρας προσβάλλειν, ἐπιπεσεῖν, to attack in flank, Th.3.78, X.HG6.5.16, etc.; κατὰ κ. προσιέναι, ἕπεσθαι, Id.Cyr.7.1.8 and 28;κατὰ κ. συμπεσών Plb.1.40.14
;πρὸς κ. μάχεσθαι X.Cyr.7.1.22
.c ἐπὶ κέρας ἀνάγειν τὰς νέας to lead a fleet in column, Hdt.6.12, cf.14;κατὰ μίαν ἐπὶ κέρως παραπλεῖν Th.2.90
, cf. 6.32, X.Cyr.6.3.34, Eub.67.4; of armies, κατὰ κέρας, opp. ἐπὶ φάλαγγος, X.Cyr.1.6.43, cf. An.4.6.6, HG7.4.23;εἰς κ. Id.Eq.Mag.4.3
;ἐκ κέρατος εἰς φάλαγγα καταστῆσαι Id.Cyr.8.5.15
; οὐκ ἐλᾶτε πρὸς τὸ δεξιὸν κ.; Ar.Eq. 243.b = μεραρχία, Ascl.Tact.2.10.6 mountainpeak, v.l. in h.Hom.1.8; spur,τὸ κ. τοῦ ὄρους X.An.5.6.7
, cf.Lyc. 534: in pl., extremities of the earth,γῆς Philostr.VA2.18
(pl.).7 in Anatomy, extremities of the uterus, Hp.Superf.1, Gal.7.266; of the diaphragm, Sor.1.57.b ἁπαλὸν κ., = πόσθη, Archil.171, cf.Neophro (?) in PLit.Lond.77 Fr.2.19, E.Fr. 278, AP12.95.6 (Mel.).8 of the πήχεις of the lyre,χρυσόδετον κ. S.Fr. 244
(lyr.) (rather than the bridge, because made of horn, Ael.Dion.Fr. 133, Poll.4.62).VI κέρατα ποιεῖν τινι to give him horns, cuckold him, prov. in Artem.2.11; cf.κερασφόρος 11
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2 κέρας
κέρας, ατος, τό (Hom.+) gener. ‘horn’.① bony projection from the head of an animal, horn lit., in the description of the apocal. beasts (Achmes 189, 16ff, interpretation of three, four, and more horns of an ox seen in a dream, as referring to the corresponding number of the χρόνοι of a ruler) Rv 5:6; 12:3; 13:1, 11; 17:3, 7, 12, 16; B 4:5 (Da 7:7f). Of a calf κέρατα ἐκφέρειν grow horns 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:32).② horn-shaped projections, corners or simply ends, extensions transf. sense of 1 (Apollon. Rhod. 4, 282 κ. Ὠκεανοῖο of a river at the end of the Ocean) of the altar (cp. Ex 27:2; 29:12; Lev 4:7 al.; Philo) Rv 9:13.③ exceptional kind of might or power, horn (of power) fig. extension of mng. 1 (cp. Ps 88:18; 131:17; 148:14; 1 Km 2:1, 10; Sir 47:7, 11; 1 Macc 2:48. But also Cephalion [c. 120 A.D.]: 93 Fgm. 7 p. 445, 29 Jac. as a poetic expr. κέρας …, ὅπερ ἐστὶ … δύναμις), hence κ. σωτηρίας horn of salvation (of God Ps 17:3; 2 Km 22:3) of the Messiah ἤγειρεν κ. σωτ. ἡμῖν Lk 1:69 (Goodsp., Probs. 70f a mighty Savior).—IScheftelowitz, D. Hörnermotiv in den Religionen: ARW 15, 1912, 451–87.—B. 209. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv. -
3 ὕπατος
A highest, uppermost, in Hom. as epith. of Zeus,ὕπατε κρειόντων Od.1.45
;θεῶν ὕπατος Il. 19.258
, al.; θεοὶ ὕπατοι the gods above, opp. οἱ χθόνιοι, A.Ag.89 (anap.), cf. 55 (anap.); Ζεὺς Γ. at Athens, Paus.1.26.5, al., Orac. ap.D.21.52 (coupled with Ἄθηνᾶ Ὑ. Orac. ap. eund.43.66);ὕ. δῶμα Διός Pi.O.1.42
;ὕ. τεθμός Id.N.10.32
;ὑπάταν βασιληΐδα τειμάν Hymn.Is.143
.2 simply of Place, ἐν πυρῇ ὑ. on the very top of the funeral pile, Il.23.165, 24.787; ὕ. ὄρος Epigr. ap. D.S.1.15.3 of Time, last,νοῦσος AP7.233
(Apollonid.): but οὐχ ὕπατον, πύματον δέ Puchstein Epigr.Gr.p.76 (Memphis, i B. C.).4 of Quality, highest, best, Pi.O.1.100;ὕ. πρὸς ἀρετάν
most excellent,Id.
P.6.42; ὕ. [μόρος] S.Ant. 1332 (lyr.).II c. gen., ὕπατος χώρας Ζεύς supreme over the land, A.Ag. 509; ὕπατοι λεχέων high above the nest, ib.50 (anap.);ὕ. τῶ σκάνεος ἅπαντος Ti.Locr.100a
;σοφίας ὕπατος IG22.3632.7
(ii A. D.).III as Subst.,1 ὕπατος, ὁ, = Lat. consul, Plb.6.12.1, al., D.H.4.76, 6.1,7.1, al., Mon. Anc.Gr.5.1; cf.στρατηγός 11.4
:—hence also, = ὑπατικός, τὰν ὑπάταν ἀρχάν Epigr. ap. Plu.Marc.30; but in this sense commonly with masc.termin.,ὕπατον ἀρχὴν ἔχειν Plb.2.11.1
(pl.), cf. 3.40.9, Hdn.2.6.6;ὕπατος τιμή J.BJ7.4.2
.2 ἡ ὑπάτη, v. sub voce.—For the form, cf. μέσατος, νέατος, μύχατος, etc.
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